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Hawk Conservancy Trust grant winner published!

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Our 2023 Marion Paviour Award winner, Ivan and his work for that project, has recently been published in an academic journal – a fantastic achievement! We are proud to have supported Ivan in his project and this amazing milestone.

Ivan’s study focused on the Critically Endangered Rüppell’s Vulture. While they are a resident species in Uganda, their only one known breeding site in the country is in the Luku Central Forest Reserve. With support from the Hawk Conservancy Trust Marion Paviour Award grant, Ivan documented their population size and breeding success at a small colony inside the reserve, and identified specific threats to this vital colony as well as the surrounding habitat. Although once widespread across East, West and Central Africa, their population has radically plunged by more than 90% in about four decades, a heart-breaking loss that further underscores the importance of this breeding population.

The Luku Central Forest Reserve provides about 4,000 hectares of forest refuge in Uganda’s West Nile region, but this important species’ future in the region remains very uncertain. Talking about his study area, Ivan explained how the reserve sits near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where conflict has driven thousands of refugees into Uganda’s Arua District. Refugees now make up nearly a quarter of the district’s 800,000 residents, many of whom rely on the reserve for charcoal production and farmland. Subsequently, once-dense forest has given way to scattered scrub. Even an important native hardwood tree, previously not typically used in the charcoal production, is now being felled regularly. Ivan explained that while they are a cliff nesting species, the tree in question, Antiaris toxicaria (part of the Mulberry and Fig family, Moraceae), is still used by vultures for nesting material and roosting, and it disappearing is a major concern for the future of this species in Uganda.

The impact is not solely the loss of habitat, but also the direct influence on these declining vultures and their behaviour. Ivan explained that the smoke rising from the charcoal kilns disturbs the vultures, particularly on the lower ledges of the cliff. As a result, they fly off. This can impact their breeding success, leaving eggs or young chicks alone and uncovered – at risk of predation or perishing. Ivan’s research of the colony showed that only 57% of nests monitored raised a chick successfully during the survey period, lower than recorded in other locations.

This is only one of several threats facing these birds. Hunters from outside Uganda cross the border, often on the hunt for Rock Hyraxes, will also steal vulture eggs and chicks. Expanding farmland and settlements in the area often attract other species like monkeys, baboons and corvids, which also raid nests. These animals also threaten vultures in another devasting way: poisonings. As a result of negative interactions with humans, many are poisoned, which leaves deadly toxins that also kill the vultures feeding on their carcasses. With vultures typically hatching just one chick per year, each loss is significant, and devastating.

Ivan estimated the population to be around 49 Rüppell’s Vultures, with just 14 breeding pairs – a worryingly small population compared to surveyed cliffs in some other countries. With the many threats they face and the low nest success rate, the future looks uncertain for these birds. There is a lot of work to be done to ensure this population can be sustained and begin to grow, but this is not a mission Ivan is shying away from.

Now back out in the field, Ivan is hard at work monitoring the Ngolonyako Cliff, as well as a new site discovered towards the end of his previous study. This second site has around 60 nesting pairs, which is a really positive find for the area, and for Rüppell’s Vultures in Uganda and the wider region. He will continue to focus on collecting data on population dynamics, breeding success, and threat assessments, with the goal being this data can inform the next steps towards conserving this species in the area. It is great to see Ivan’s research have such an impact and benefit to such an incredibly threatened but brilliant species, as well as to Ivan’s blossoming conservation career – Marion’s leading hope from this award.

School visits to meet birds of prey

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As well as working with and flying our beautiful birds of prey, many members of our Bird Team work across other areas of the Hawk Conservancy Trust. Senior Bird Team member Jillian, who joined us early last year, works closely with our Principal Educator Jenny to engage with the thousands of students that visit each year. We caught up with Jillian to hear all about how special it is to watch students fall in love with birds of prey.

“What a whirlwind of school workshops! After a busy summer, where in June alone we had over a thousand students come to the Trust, we are now jumping right back into another school year. I have been working with Jenny, our Principal Educator, to bring as many schools as possible to the Hawk Conservancy Trust so the next generations of conservations and biologists can be inspired.

While I love getting to work with our brilliant birds every day, my favourite part of my job is to run the workshops for visiting schools. In these workshops, students get a presentation from one of our staff members about the workshop topic, as well as a chance to meet a bird up close! We have multiple workshops to choose from, all of which align with Key Stages in the national curriculum. While we do recommend certain topics for different ages, most of the workshops can be adjusted to suit a variety of comprehension levels.

Usually these groups contain a wide range of students’ feelings towards birds – while we have many that are excited to be at the Trust and answer all of our questions about birds of prey, we also have students who can be nervous to meet the birds. These nervous students are actually the reason I love running the workshops, because the most rewarding part is seeing them change their opinions. Luckily, we have a variety of different birds at the Trust and this allows us to tailor these workshops to the specific groups. For example, a Reception class of students usually do best with meeting Wispa our Morepork Owl. Wispa is a small, very confident owl with an adorable trilling call. She is perfect for the smaller students, and will often think she herself is a Reception student and sit on the benches next to them like she is ready to learn all about owls! Wispa is a great introduction to birds for our younger guests (and our older ones as well – she wins over a lot of people!).

For the older students, late Primary or early Secondary, I usually introduce them to one of our Harris’s Hawks. While they can seem more larger than a small owl, they have so many interesting adaptations to talk about that it sparks a sense discovery in the students. They are able to comprehend more challenging concepts, like how Harris’s Hawks hunt in teams rather than alone, and how that helps them to survive in their environments.

However, nothing compares to the sense of accomplishment I have when it comes to our vultures. Helping to spread the message about the plight of vultures is one the Trust’s biggest conservation projects, as many are Critically Endangered. Yes, they eat carcasses, but vultures are nature’s clean-up crew, and by getting rid of those carcasses they are potentially helping to stop the spread of some diseases. The importance of vultures can be a hard concept to grasp for students (or even adults), especially as we don’t have any in the UK for a first-hand experience. But we have found that the best way to change someone’s negative opinion on vultures is to introduce them to one up close and personal. You can imagine that there is usually a lot of excited screaming from the students when they first get introduced to a Hooded Vulture flying low over their heads. But as they learn all of the interesting adaptations of vultures and see how they are applied directly in front of them, you can see those preconceptions slide away and be replaced with empathy, especially when we talk about how at risk these birds are. During the Conservation in Action workshop we actually take a word-association poll from the students before they meet a vulture and after, so they can physically see how their own opinions have changed.

That final part of the session is why I have the role I do. It makes me so proud to see the students, who were so nervous or unsure of these birds, now actively like them and want to help conserve their species. Changing opinions and feelings can be the first step towards saving some of the world’s most endangered species, and I am so grateful to be a part of that process. We want to encourage the next generation of conservationists, and it is such a powerful thing to see when that moment begins for a lot of people. Education classes at the zoo were what sparked my interest in wildlife, and I am happy to be continuing this process, introducing to students to the amazing world of birds of prey, one small owl at a time.

Jenny and I are looking forward to another full year of schools visiting the Trust, hoping to surpass our numbers from the previous year and reach even more students with our conservation message. If you are a teacher and interested in one of our workshops, please email our Education Department at education@hawkconservancy.org for more information and booking enquiries, or head to our Education webpages here.

Here’s to the next generation of aspiring conservationists!”

©2025 Hawk Conservancy Trust